The powers and status of the Rajya Sabha are equal to that of the Lok Sabha:   Rajya Sabha has equal powers with  Lok Sabha in- Pre 2020   (a) the matter of creating new All India Services   (b) amending the Constitution   (c) the removal of the government   (d) making cut motions     1.  Introduction and passage of 1.1 ordinary bills , 1.2 Constitutional amendment bills , 1.3 financial bills involving expenditure from the Consolidated Fund of India .   2.  Election and impeachment of the  president .   3.  Election and removal of the Vice-President .   Pre 3.1 However, Rajya Sabha alone can initiate the vice president's removal.   3.2 He is removed by a resolution passed by the Rajya Sabha by a special majority and agreed to by the Lok Sabha by a simple majority.   4.  Making recommendations to the President for removing the Chief Justice and judges of the Supreme Court and high courts, chief election commissioner and

    What is a Solar storm (solar flare)?   Continuous wind of Electrically charged gas that is propelled away from the sun in all directions.   It occurs when magnetic energy builds up in the solar atmosphere and is released suddenly.   Coronal mass ejection [CME] Vs Solar Flare   What phenomenon produced by sun   More disruptive than solar flare Solar Flare relation with the solar cycle   These outbursts are intrinsically linked to the solar cycle — an approximately  11-year cycle of solar activity driven by the sun's magnetic field .   Impact of Solar Flare 1. Earth, satellites and even astronauts.[Esp. X-class flares]   2. Solar flares can temporarily alter the upper atmosphere creating disruptions with signal transmission from, say, a GPS satellite.     Why question asked? Intense solar flares posing a threat to specific regions of Asia were in news.   If a major solar storm (solar flare) reaches the Earth, which of the following

Biofilms UPSC Bacteria are small, Single-celled organisms that we can not see with our naked eyes.   While we often think of them as individual free-swimming entities, these resourceful organisms can often be found in groups called Biofilms .   Biofilms can also be understood as a  social group of Bacteria.   To build Biofilms bacteria produce a sticky material that works like glue, called the Biofilms matrix , that helps the bacteria stick to each other and to surfaces.   Bacteria stick to each other and expose surfaces creating slimy coatings to protect them from environmental pressure.[the way family and friend help us in managing different stress]   Because of their resilience , biofilms can thrive in many environments, including soil, Deep sea and Our food.   For humans, Biofilms can be harmful and helpful depending on where they form and the types of Bacteria that live on them.      Consider the following statements:- UPSC pre 2022 1. Biofilms c